Coal mining involves the extraction of coal that is primarily used for power generation and industrial heating. Coal is formed over millions of years from the remains of plant matter that undergoes geological processes of heat and pressure. It is classified based on its calorific value (energy content), sulfur content, and other characteristics, which determine its efficiency and suitability for use in power stations. The process of mining coal can be done through two main methods: open-pit mining and underground mining. Open-pit mining is used when coal deposits are close to the earth’s surface, while underground mining is used for deeper coal seams. Both methods involve the removal of overlying rock and soil to access the coal seam, followed by extraction, transportation, and processing. Coal mining is a vital industry.